Vias are utilized to simplify trace routing around other components or when there is a high density of interconnections to be made (i.e. BGA packages). Just as a PCB trace had inductance and capacitance, so todoes a via. Generally these elements are ignored as the length of the viasare typically very small relative to the rest of the trace. But, this Can cause issues if the signals are very high frequency (>100MHz) or have energy / harmonics at high frequencies.
The easiest way to minimize problems of a via is to simply not use them with signal traces. At the very least it should be minimized. If vias must be used, there are other issues to worry about that will be discussed later.
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